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Technical Articles Archive

Explore structured guides on computer architecture, operating systems, systems programming, Python data science, Rust and quantitative finance.

Terminal showing 'Hello, Kernel!' output from a bare-metal ARM kernel over UART
Intermediate
15 min

Hello, UART: Your First Kernel Output via the PL011 on QEMU

Learn how to write a bare-metal C driver for the PL011 UART on AArch64. Master Memory-Mapped I/O (MMIO), the volatile keyword in C, and building a kprint function for QEMU virt without a standard library.

Diagram of ARM exception levels stacked from EL3 at the top to EL0 at the bottom
Intermediate
20 min

The ARM Boot Process: From Reset Vector to kernel_main

Learn how to write an ARM64 bootloader stub in assembly. We cover AArch64 exception levels (EL2 to EL1), zeroing BSS, stack setup, and jumping to a C kernel_main on bare metal.

Terminal window showing a cross-compiler build pipeline for ARM
Beginner
15 min

Toolchain & Environment Setup: Your First ARM Binary

Step-by-step guide to installing an AArch64 cross-compiler (GCC) and QEMU on macOS and Linux. Write a bare-metal linker script and Makefile to boot your first ARM64 program.

Abstract illustration of silicon wafers connecting to a terminal shell prompt
Beginner
11 min

Why Build an OS? The Case for Going All the Way Down

Stop treating the OS as a black box. Discover why building an AArch64 kernel from scratch on ARM is the ultimate systems programming challenge for 2026. From silicon to shell, we go all the way down.

Visualizing Itô's Lemma and Stochastic Differential Equations
Intermediate
14 min

Itô's Lemma Explained: Stochastic Calculus for Finance

Why does classical calculus fail for random variables? Learn the intuition behind Itô's Lemma, its formal derivation, and how to solve Geometric Brownian Motion (GBM) in Python.

Banner for the "Finding P values and false hope" series
Intermediate
13 min

The Random Walk: From Coin Flips to Stochastic Calculus

Discover how a simple coin flip evolves into the mathematics powering modern derivative pricing. From Binomial Trees to the Wiener Process and the Heat Equation; we handle all in Python.